FAT1

This real-world study analyzed the genomic landscape of GNAQ and GNA11 mutations in 5,416 patients with metastatic solid tumors. It revealed that these mutations, while known in uveal melanoma, are also present in other cancers such as colorectal, melanoma, and gastric cancer. An immunogenic subgroup, characterized by non-hotspot mutations and high TMB or MSI, was identified and associated with potential benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. Canonical hotspot mutations, conversely, were predominant in TMB-low/MSS tumors. These findings highlight the importance of differentiating driver mutations from bystander mutations to guide therapeutic strategies.

This study characterized the genomic landscape of leiomyosarcoma, a rare and aggressive tumor, by analyzing a large dataset from the AACR Project GENIE. Researchers examined over 1,000 tumor samples, identifying the most frequent somatic mutations and copy number alterations. TP53, RB1, and ATRX were the most commonly altered genes, with homozygous deletions of RB1 and TP53, and MAP2K4 amplifications. The study also highlighted enriched IGF2 and AXIN1 alterations in metastatic samples, suggesting their potential role in disease progression. These findings enhance the understanding of leiomyosarcoma biology and could guide future precision oncology strategies.