Adenocarcinoma, NOS

This retrospective study investigated eight cases of multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia (MMPH) associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a rare benign pulmonary lesion. Patients typically presented with multiple ground-glass nodules in the lungs on CT scans and various clinical manifestations of TSC. A significant diagnostic challenge was highlighted, as intraoperative frozen sections were often misdiagnosed as early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. Next-generation sequencing revealed TSC1 or TSC2 gene mutations in most patients, confirming the association with TSC. All followed-up patients showed a favorable overall survival.

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urinary tract (CCA-UT) is a rare and aggressive tumor with limited understanding of its clinicopathologic and molecular features. This multi-institutional study characterized 35 cases, showing a female predominance and advanced stage at presentation. Genomic alterations were found in 91% of cases, frequently involving chromatin modifiers such as ATRX, KMT2C, ARID1A, and ARID1B. The heterogeneous molecular profile of these tumors highlights the critical role of molecular analysis in identifying potential therapeutic targets.

An open-label, phase 3 trial evaluated zanidatamab, a HER2-targeted bispecific antibody, with or without tislelizumab (anti-PD-1), combined with chemotherapy, as first-line treatment for HER2-positive advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Patients were randomized to receive zanidatamab-tislelizumab-chemotherapy, zanidatamab-chemotherapy, or trastuzumab-chemotherapy. Both zanidatamab-tislelizumab-chemotherapy and zanidatamab-chemotherapy arms demonstrated significantly longer progression-free survival (median 12.4 months for both) compared to trastuzumab-chemotherapy (8.1 months). Overall survival was also longer with zanidatamab-tislelizumab-chemotherapy (26.4 months) than with trastuzumab-chemotherapy (19.2 months). Diarrhea was the most common grade 3 or higher adverse event.